tadzris shesaxeb

Bagratis taZris ageba X saukunis bolo meoTxedSi daiwyo da XI saukunis pirvel wlebSi dasrulda. saqarTvelos kulturuli viTareba am dros mis politikur da ekonomiur winsvlas Seesabameboda; qveynis marTva maSin quTaisidan xorcieldeboda. quTaisi meFeTa rezidenciad jer kidev saukunis Sua wlebSi gamxdara, rodesac aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi _ Tbilissa da mcxeTaSi ucxo dampyroblebma - arabebma moikides fexi.
  quTaisi ufro adrec aris moxsenebuli istoriul wyaroebSi im brZolebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac bizantia da sparseTi awarmoebdnen saqarTvelos dapyrobisaTvis. 551 wels sparselebma wuTaisTan daibanakes, gamagrdnen da xelSi Caigdes da Sekres bizantielebis xelSi myofi cixis uqimerionis gverdiT mimavali gza, romelic dasavleT saqarTvelos svaneTTan aerTebda. ramdenime xnis Semdeg sparselebma uqimerionic gamoglijes xelidan bizantielebs.
  quTaisis imdroindeli zRudis kedlebidan, vfiqrobT, naSTis saxiT darCenilia kedlebis wyoba, romelic alag-alag Cans dGevandeli quTaisis im ubanSi, romelsac goras da uqimerions uwodeben.
  ras gvaZlevs am naSTebis daTvalierebiT aRdgenili suraTi?
  gorakis Txemidan samxreTis mimarTulebiT, rionis napirisaken, eSveboda ori kedeli, romlebic erTi mxriv zRudavda qalaqis dasaxlebul adgils, meore mxriv ki ketavda svaneTisaken mimaval gzas da xids darajobda. xidi aqve, rionis viwro kldovan kalapotze iyo gadadebuli (Zveli xidis burjis wyoba da naquslari adgilia darCenili). dRes xidTan bazaria; bazari aqve unda yofiliyo im adreul xanaSic.
  amgvarad, 6 saukunis Sua wlebSi quTaisis aRdgenili saxe adre feodaluri saqarTvelos qalaqebis-Tbilisisa da ujarmis -
tipiur suraTs gvaZlevs: koncxad gamowvdili kldovani gorakis Txemze zeda cixea, zeda cixidan mdinaremde daSvebulia zRudis ori kedeli, aqve, mdinareze xidi da sabazro moedania. iyo zRudis gare mosaxleobac.
 quTaisis ganviTarebis Semdegi safexuri 8 saukunis pirvel naxevars miekuTvneba, rodesac iq mefe arCili daeSena, daemkvidra. Qalaqis zRudis kedlebis ganaxleba am dros an axlo xanaSi unda momxdariyo. Es iyo didi masStabis mSenebloba, razedac kargad metyvelebs darCenili kedlebi: zogan kedlebi safuZvlidan aRdgenilia mTel simaRleze, zogan ki zeda nawilebSi. Amas mowmobs rogorc wyobis gansxvavebuli masala, ise misi wyobis sxvadasxvagvari ieri. Adrindeli wyoba naxevrad sufTa, saSualo zomis mogrZo kvadrebiT Tarazul rigebad lagdeba; meore - momdevno ki sufTad naTali, SedarebiT didi zomis kvadrebiTaa nagebi; meore wyobis rigebi ar aris ise mkveTri Tarazuli, rogorc pirvelisa. kedlebis wyobisaTvis naxmari xsnari pirvel SemTxvevaSi TeTria; masSi SesamCnevia mozrdili zomis qviSis marcvlebi. Meore SemTxvevaSi xsnaris fers siwiTle dahkravs, rac gamowveulia xsnarSi dafxvnili aguris areviT.
  marTalia, saqalaqo cxovrebis am aRmavlobis periodSi qalaqis zRudis kedlebs rogorc Signidan, ise garedan miadgeboda axali mosaxleoba, warmoiSveboda axali ubnebi, magram mainc qalaqis ZiriTad xuroTmoZRvrul organizms maSin mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ar unda ganecada, yovel SemTxvevaSi amis kvali dges ara Cans.
  quTaisi, rogorc feodaluri qalaqi, ganviTarebis umaRles safexurs aRwevs 10-11 saukuneebSi; es aRiniSna gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirveli mefis, bagrat 3 mier grandiozuli kaTedraluri taZris aSenebiT. Es axali safexuri qalaqis xuroTmoZRvruli saxis ganviTarebaSi - ansamblSi axali dominantis aRmarTva - qveynis gaerTianebisaTvis brZolis dagvirgvinebis simbolod gamoiyureba.
  ukve maSin, rodesac bagratis taZari aages, Tanamedroveni grZnobdnen, rom nageboba gamoirCeoda, igi SesaniSnavi iyo Tavisi miuwvdomeliTa TvisebebiT. Misi kurTxevis araCveulebrivi zeimisaTvis bagrat mefem:.... Semoikribna maxlobelni yovelni xelmwifeni, kaTalikosni, mRvdelmoZRvarni da yovelTa monasterTa winamZRvarni da yovelni didebulni zemoni da qvemoni mamulisa samefosa missa myofni da sxuaTa yovelni saxelmwifoni.
  is, rac saswauli iyo pirvel dgeebSi, yoveldRiur cxovrebad gadaiqca. Amieridan qalaqis mkvidrTA da taZris bedi erTmaneTs daukavSirda.ambavi taZris naTeli Tu Savbneli dReebis Sesaxeb qalaqisa da moqalaqeTa mTEli Taobebis cxovrebis matianea.

  XVIII saukunis gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieri vaxuSti mogviTxrobs,rom quTaisis... Keklesia mSvenieri gumbaTiani,sruliad sofiis kenWiT Sinagan qmnili da marmariloTA spetakiTa,wiTEliTa da WreliTa svetebiTa misiTave da yovelTA SemkobiliTa sruli da friad didiL... Kwelsa Cweb (1692 w.)Semusres osmalTAL-o.

Am dros Camoingra gumbaTi da gadaxurvebi.

XIX saukunis ocdaaTian wlebSi samxreTisa da dasavleTis karibWe TiTqmis dauzianeblad mdgara,rogorc gviCvenebs mxatvar n.Cernecovis naxati,dRes ki uxvad moCuqurTmebuli dasavleTis karibWis fragmentebiT mofenilia miwa,mnaxveli mojadoebuli da gancvifrebulia maTi kveTis grandiozuli xelovnebiT.

saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg bagratis taZari kulturis istoriul da mxatvrul Zeglad gamocxadda da marTlac,igi imbumberaz ZeglTa ricxvs miekuTvneba,rogoricaa sveticxoveli-qarTlSi da alaverdi-kaxeTSi da,romelnic sul ragac naxevari saukunis manZilze aSenda feodaluri saqarTvelos provinciebSi X saukunis dasasrulidan XI saukunis naxevramde.didia am Zeglebis mniSvneloba qarTuli kulturisa da,kerZod, arqiteqturis istoriaSi.kaTedralis xuroTmoZRvars... K itacebda azri,Seeqmna axali,jer kidev unaxavi grandioxuli kompoziciiT mTliani Senoba;mas Hxiblavda amocana-Seeqmna ubralo Senoba,did-didi zomiT da amasTanave martivobiT grandiozulisa da didebuli STabeWdilebis momxdeni,da safuZvlad daedo am SenobisaTvis saqarTvelos xoroTmoZRvrul xelovnebis monapovarTa da miRWevaTa mTEli sisruleL.

Bagratis xuroTmoZRvarma Senobis grandiozuli formebi jvris wagrZElebuli formis gegmaze amarTa da kompoziciis centri gombaTiT daagvirgvina.taZarSi SEmsvleli ARmoCndeboda vrcel xalvaT sivrceSi,romlis centrSi mayureblis Tvals itacebda maRla SuqiT uxvad dakaSkaSebuli gumbaTi.gumbaTi oTx Tavisuflad mdgom burjs eyrdnoboda.cilindruli TaRiT gadaxuruli taZris Sinagani sivrce aRmosavleTiT,samxreTiTa da CrdiloeTiT konqiT daxurul naxevradwriuli momrgvalebiT-afsidiT-mTavrdeboda.dasavleTismklavi sami nawilisagan Sedgeboda:SuaTana-romelic danarCeni mklavebis doneze gamodioda, da gverdiTA-ori, romelic or-or sarTulian moculobas qmnida.es meore sarTulis saTavsoebi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli iyo mklavis dasavleTiT nawilSi Seqmnili farTo gadasasvleliT.meore sarTulze CRdiloeTis monakveTSi moTavsebuli kibiT adiodnEN.OrsarTlad iyo ganTavsebuli agreTve aRmosavleTis-sakurTxevlis gverdiTa saTAvsoebi.samxreTia da CrdiloeTis mklavebi gumbaTqveSa kvadratis mimarTaa mTel siganesa da simaRleSi ganviTarebuli. Amgvarad: e.w. trikonqis gegmaze amarTuli iyo maRali jvris formis sivrce. Sinagani sivrcis es gadawyveta mkveTrad aris gamovlinebuli gareTa masebSi. samxreTisa da CrdiloeTis mklavi gamosulia fasadebis dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis nawilebis SemaerTebel xazebidan, es xazs usvams jvargumbaTian gegmis masaTa koncepcias. xuroTmoZRvari mklavebis gamoweviT Seqmnil ubeebs gonebamaxvilad iyenebs: qmnis masaTa ganlagebaSi damatebiT safexurs, dasavleTis nawilSi samive fasadze garSemosavlelis moTavsebiT.
  ufro adrindel ZeglebSi teqtonikuri masis ZiriTadad mzid elements brtyelzedapiriani kedlebi warmoadgenda. Bagratis xuroTmoZRvari uaryofs am princips. rogorc vTqvaT, gumbaTi man maRal boZebze daayrdno, fasadebze ki sibrtyidan sibrtyeze, fasadidan fasadze gadavlebuli arkaturis erTiani sistema ixmara. mSeneblobis xelovnebaSi es iyo siaxle, nakarnaxevi ganviTarebiT.
  fasadebis dekoratiul damuSavebaSi SesamCnevia gansxvavebuli midgoma: ase, mag.: Tu nagebobis dasavleTis fasadze pilastrebi sworkuTxedis ganivkveTis mqone Zlier sibrtyeebs warmoadgens aRmosavleTis nawilSi pilastrebis daniSnulebas ramdenadme Txeli da dabali reliefis mqone sami lilvi asrulebs. aseTive gansxvavebaa kapitelisa da bazebis gaformebaSi.Tu pirveli ostatis mier bazebad gamoyenebulia WurWlis magvari,plastikurad modelirebuli Zlieri forma,saidanac lilvis saxiT amodis qvaSi gacxovelebuli rto,romelic mihyveba Zlier pilastts da xazs usvams mis struqturas,meore ostati mSrali kveTiT Sesrulebul brtyel lilvebiT Sedgenili pilastrebiT moxazavs Camoyalibebul xuroTmoZRvrul kompozicias.

Amgvarad,bagratis taZris aSeneba dawyebulia X saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi xuroTmoZRvris mier,romlis Semoqmedeba qarTuli cxovelxaturi stilis adrindeli periodiT xasiaTdeba.Tanaxmad aRmosavleTis mklavis CrdiloeTis sarkmelTan qveviT marjvniv moTavsebul asomTAvruli warwerisa,mSenebloba dausrulebiaT 1003 wels.

Kq.odes ganmtkicna iataki,qoronikoni iyo 223L.es warwera im mxrivadac aris saintereso, rom aq CvenSi arabuli cifrebis xmarebis erT-erTi uZvelesi damowmebuli magaliTi gvaqvs.mogvyavs meore warwerac,romelic aqve sarkmlis marcxnivaa amokveTili dapirvelis msgavsad asomTavruliTAa Sesrulebuli: Kq.hoi meufeo,mflobelo yovelTa sufevaTao,umetesad adide Zlieri bagrat kurapalati afxazTA da qarTvelTA mefe,Tana mamiT da dedofliT da ZiT maTiT...aminL.

aRmosavleTis fasadze sarkmlebis Tavze moTavsebuli asomTavrulive warwera mogviTxrobs: Kq. SEwevniTA RmerTisaTa bagratisagan,nebiTa RmrTisaTa da qarTvelTa mefisa...guranduxt dedoflisa aRESEna wminda ese saydari xeliTa...L

warwera wydeba da mSEnebel-xuroTmoZRvris saxeli arc aq da arc axlos ar aris.

taZris mSEneblobis dasrulebidan ar gasula didi xani dam as Crdilo-dasavleTis kuTxeSi dasavleTidan miaSenes samsarTuliani sacxovrebeli koSki,samive sarTulSi TiTo oTaxiT,buxrebiTa da TAxCebiT.mesame sarTulSi iyo calke moTavsebuli  sapirfareSo.unda vifiqroT, rom am koSkSi, quTaisSi episkoposi cxovrobda.